PENGEMBANGAN MODEL EDUKASI BERBASIS KELUARGA UNTUK PENCEGAHAN PENULARAN HIV DARI IBU KE ANAK

Abstract

Background: Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV is a serious health issue with transmission risks ranging from 15-45% without effective intervention. In the Dau Community Health Center area, prevention is still hindered by low family knowledge and support, as well as strong HIV stigma. This study aims to develop a valid, feasible, and applicable family-based education model for MTCT prevention in high-risk groups.

Subjects and Method: This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) design with a mixed-methods approach. The study was conducted in the working area of the Dau Community Health Center, Malang Regency. Research subjects included high-risk women of reproductive age (n=30), nuclear family members (n=30), and 5 health workers as informants. Sampling was performed using purposive sampling. Dependent variables included knowledge, attitudes, and family support, while the independent variable was the family-based education model. Data collection instruments consisted of validated questionnaires and interview guides. Quantitative data analysis utilized simulative statistical tests to observe changes before and after the intervention.

Results: The developed education model achieved an average expert validity score of 89.7% (very valid). Limited trial results showed significant increases in family knowledge (58.4 to 84.6; p=0.001), attitude scores (3.02 to 4.18; p=0.002), and family support scores (2.94 to 4.11; p=0.001). The model obtained a practicality score of 88.0% (highly practical) based on assessments from users and health workers.

Conclusion: The developed family-based education model is proven to be highly valid, practical, and effective in increasing family capacity for MTCT prevention. Implementing this model at the primary care level can strengthen social support for mothers in high-risk groups to support the 2030 HIV elimination target.